The goal of this guide is to walk you through the lifecycle of an Ember Data record.

Throughout this guide, we will assume the existence of the following model:

Person = DS.Model.extend({
  firstName: DS.attr('string'),
  lastName: DS.attr('string'),
  father: DS.belongsTo('Person'),

  name: function() {
    return this.get('firstName') + ' ' +
           this.get('lastName')
  }.property('firstName', 'lastName')
});

The guide will walk through the initial find on the model, how the adapter loads the data in from the server, and how the server data is materialized into an Ember Data record.

When you request a record using Person.find(1), Ember Data will ask the store to find the record (store.find(Person, 1)).

If the adapter has not already loaded the record into the store, the store will ask the adapter to fetch it.

Since the adapter's request is asynchronous, the store will return a new Person instance immediately. At this point, the record has no backing data.

At some point later, the server will return some data to the adapter.

Once the adapter receives the data hash, it loads it into the store. The store saves off the data hash for use later. The store will also notify the record that the data hash is available.

This will, in turn, notify all attributes (DS.attr) and relationships (DS.hasMany and DS.belongsTo).

In response to the notification, the app will typically request some attribute. In this case, imagine that the Person was represented by the following template:

<p>{{name}}</p>

When the template renders, it will register an observer on the name property, which depends on firstName and lastName. Once the data hash loads in from the server, the registered observer will call person.get('name') to update the DOM. This will call person.get('firstName').

Because this is the first time the record needs its backend-provided data, it will ask the store to load it in using materializeData.

The store will, in turn, ask the adapter to materialize the data. This allows the adapter to apply adapter-specific mappings to the backend-provided data hash.

Finally, the adapter asks its serializer object to perform the materialization. In general, the adapter is responsible for working with the backend, and the serializer is responsible for materializing backend-provided data hashes into records, and serializing records into JSON hashes for the backend.

The serializer is now responsible for extracting the information from the backend-provided data hash and hydrating the record object. First, it populates the record's id.

Next, it populates the record's attributes.

Finally, it populates the belongsTo association.

Once the adapter finishes materializing the record, it returns the requested firstName.

Because the adapter has already populated the record, trying to get its lastName will not trigger additional materialization.

Additional requests for Person 1 will skip all of these steps, because store.find(Person, 1) will see that it has already created an instance for that record and return it.

This means that all requests for a record with the same model type and ID will return the same object.

This feature is known as an "identity map", because it guarantees JavaScript identity for objects representing the same backend data.

In the example above, we used a template that rendered the Person object directly. As a result, we got partially loaded output that automatically filled in as the data loaded.

You may want this behavior in some cases, but in most cases, your template would look something like this:

{{#if isLoaded}}
  <p>{{name}}</p>
{{else}}
  <img src="/images/spinner.gif">
{{/if}}

When the adapter loads the backend-provided hash into the store, the store moves the record into the loaded state, which changes its isLoaded flag to true.

That will notify an observer set up by the template that isLoaded has changed, which will cause the template to render the first branch (containing <p>{{name}}</p>) instead of the spinner.

When it renders that branch, the template will trigger the same get('name') that caused materialization in the above example.