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Wrapping Content in a Component

Sometimes, you may want to define a component that wraps content provided by other templates.

For example, imagine we are building a BlogPost component that we can use in our application to display a blog post:

app/templates/components/blog-post.hbs

<h1>{{this.title}}</h1>
<div class="body">{{this.body}}</div>

Now, we can use the <BlogPost /> component and pass its properties in another template:

<BlogPost @title={{this.title}} @body={{this.body}} />

See Passing Properties to a Component for more.

In this case, the content we wanted to display came from the model. But what if we want the developer using our component to be able to provide custom HTML content?

In addition to the simple form you've learned so far, components also support being used in block form. In block form, components can be passed a Handlebars template that is rendered inside the component's template wherever the {{yield}} expression appears.

To use the block form, change the self-closing tag to a separate opening and closing tag: <BlogPost></BlogPost>

In that case, we can use the <BlogPost /> component in block form and tell Ember where the block content should be rendered using the {{yield}} helper. To update the example above, we'll first change the component's template:

app/templates/components/blog-post.hbs

<h1>{{this.title}}</h1>
<div class="body">{{yield}}</div>

You can see that we've replaced {{this.body}} with {{yield}}. This tells Ember that this content will be provided when the component is used.

Next, we'll update the template using the component to use the block form:

app/templates/index.hbs

<BlogPost @title={{post.title}}>
  <p class="author">by {{this.author}}</p>
  {{this.body}}
</BlogPost>

It's important to note that the template scope inside the component block is the same as outside. If a property is available in the template outside the component, it is also available inside the component block.

Sharing Component Data with its Wrapped Content

There is also a way to share data within your blog post component with the content it is wrapping. In our blog post component we want to provide a way for the user to configure what type of style they want to write their post in. We will give them the option to specify either markdown-style or html-style.

app/templates/index.hbs

<BlogPost @editStyle="markdown-style">
  <p class="author">by {{this.author}}</p>
  {{this.body}}
</BlogPost>

Supporting different editing styles will require different body components to provide special validation and highlighting. To load a different body component based on editing style, you can yield the component using the component helper and hash helper. Here, the appropriate component is assigned to a hash using nested helpers and yielded to the template. Notice editStyle being used as an argument to the component helper.

app/templates/components/blog-post.hbs

<h2>{{this.title}}</h2>
<div class="body">{{yield (hash body=(component this.editStyle))}}</div>

Once yielded, the data can be accessed by the wrapped content by referencing the post variable. Now a component called markdown-style will be rendered in {{post.body}}.

app/templates/index.hbs

<BlogPost @editStyle="markdown-style" @postData={{this.myText}} as |post|>
  <p class="author">by {{this.author}}</p>
  {{post.body}}
</BlogPost>

Finally, we need to share myText with the body in order to have it display. To pass the blog text to the body component, we'll add a postData argument to the component helper.

app/templates/components/blog-post.hbs

<h2>{{this.title}}</h2>
<div class="body">
  {{yield (hash
    body=(component this.editStyle postData=this.postData)
  )}}
</div>

At this point, our block content has access to everything it needs to render, via the wrapping blog-post component's template helpers.

Additionally, since the component isn't instantiated until the block content is rendered, we can add arguments within the block. In this case we'll add a text style option which will dictate the style of the body text we want in our post. When {{post.body}} is instantiated, it will have both the editStyle and postData given by its wrapping component, as well as the bodyStyle declared in the template.

app/templates/index.hbs

<BlogPost @editStyle="markdown-style" @postData={{this.myText}} as |post|>
  <p class="author">by {{this.author}}</p>
  {{post.body bodyStyle="compact-style"}}
</BlogPost>

Components built this way are commonly referred to as "Contextual Components", allowing inner components to be wrapped within the context of outer components without breaking encapsulation.

Sharing Component Data with its Wrapped Content