Query Parameters

Query params are declared on route-driven controllers. For example, to configure query params that are active within the articles route, they must be declared on controller:articles.

To add a category query parameter that will filter out all the articles that haven't been categorized as popular we'd specify 'category' as one of controller:articles's queryParams:

import Controller from '@ember/controller';

export default class ArticlesController extends Controller {
  queryParams = ['category'];

  category = null;
}

This sets up a binding between the category query param in the URL, and the category property on controller:articles. In other words, once the articles route has been entered, any changes to the category query param in the URL will update the category property on controller:articles, and vice versa. Note that you can't make queryParams be a dynamically generated property (neither computed property, nor property getter); they have to be values.

Now we need to define a getter for our category-filtered array, which the articles template will render. For the getter to recompute when values change, category and model should be marked as tracked properties:

import Controller from '@ember/controller';
import { tracked } from '@glimmer/tracking';

export default class ArticlesController extends Controller {
  queryParams = ['category'];

  @tracked category = null;

  @tracked model;

  get filteredArticles() {
    let category = this.category;
    let articles = this.model;

    if (category) {
      return articles.filterBy('category', category);
    } else {
      return articles;
    }
  }
}

With this code, we have established the following behaviors:

1. If the user navigates to /articles, category will be null, so the articles won't be filtered.
2. If the user navigates to /articles?category=recent, category will be set to "recent", so articles will be filtered.
3. Once inside the articles route, any changes to the category property on controller:articles will cause the URL to update the query param. By default, a query param property change won't cause a full router transition (i.e. it won't call model hooks and setupController, etc.); it will only update the URL.

The <LinkTo /> component supports specifying query params using the @query argument, along with the {{hash}} helper:

// Explicitly set target query params
<LinkTo @route="posts" @query={{hash direction="asc"}}>Sort</LinkTo>

// Binding is also supported
<LinkTo @route="posts" @query={{hash direction=this.otherDirection}}>Sort</LinkTo>

In the above examples, direction is presumably a query param property on the posts controller, but it could also refer to a direction property on any of the controllers associated with the posts route hierarchy, matching the leaf-most controller with the supplied property name.

The <LinkTo /> component takes into account query parameters when determining its "active" state, and will set the class appropriately. The active state is determined by calculating whether the query params end up the same after clicking a link. You don't have to supply all of the current, active query params for this to be true.

Router#transitionTo accepts a final argument, which is an object with the key queryParams.

this.router.transitionTo('post', object, { queryParams: { showDetails: true }});
this.router.transitionTo('posts', { queryParams: { sort: 'title' }});

// if you want to transition the query parameters without changing the route
this.router.transitionTo({ queryParams: { direction: 'asc' }});

You can also add query params to URL transitions:

this.router.transitionTo('/posts/1?sort=date&showDetails=true');

When you change query params through a transition (transitionTo and <LinkTo />), it is not considered a full transition. This means that the controller properties associated with the query params will be updated, as will the URL, but no Route method hook like model or setupController will be called.

If you need a query param change to trigger a full transition, and thus the method hooks, you can use the optional queryParams configuration hash on the Route. If you have a category query param and you want it to trigger a model refresh, you can set it as follows:

import Route from '@ember/routing/route';
import { inject as service } from '@ember/service';

export default class ArticlesRoute extends Route {
  @service store;

  queryParams = {
    category: {
      refreshModel: true
    }
  };

  model(params) {
    // This gets called upon entering 'articles' route
    // for the first time, and we opt into refiring it upon
    // query param changes by setting `refreshModel:true` above.

    // params has format of { category: "someValueOrJustNull" },
    // which we can forward to the server.
    return this.store.query('article', params);
  }
}

import Controller from '@ember/controller';

export default class ArticlesController extends Controller {
  queryParams = ['category'];

  category = null;
}

By default, Ember will use pushState to update the URL in the address bar in response to a controller query param property change. If you would like to use replaceState instead, which prevents an additional item from being added to your browser's history, you can specify this as follows:

import Route from '@ember/routing/route';

export default class ArticlesRoute extends Route {
  queryParams = {
    category: {
      replace: true
    }
  };
}

This behavior is similar to <LinkTo />, which also lets you opt into a replaceState transition via replace=true.

By default, specifying foo as a controller query param property will bind to a query param whose key is foo, e.g. ?foo=123. You can also map a controller property to a different query param key using the following configuration syntax:

import Controller from '@ember/controller';

export default class ArticlesController extends Controller {
  queryParams = [{
    category: 'articles_category'
  }];

  category = null;
}

This will cause changes to the controller:articles's category property to update the articles_category query param, and vice versa.

Query params that require additional customization can be provided along with strings in the queryParams array.

import Controller from '@ember/controller';

export default class ArticlesController extends Controller {
  queryParams = ['page', 'filter', {
    category: 'articles_category'
  }];

  category = null;
  page = 1;
  filter = 'recent';
}

In the following example, the controller query param property page is considered to have a default value of 1.

import Controller from '@ember/controller';

export default class ArticlesController extends Controller {
  queryParams = ['page'];

  page = 1;
}

This affects query param behavior in two ways:

1. Query param values are cast to the same datatype as the default value, e.g. a URL change from /?page=3 to /?page=2 will set controller:articles's page property to the number 2, rather than the string "2". The same also applies to boolean default values. If the default value is an array, the string will be parsed using JSON.parse.
2. When a controller's query param property is currently set to its default value, this value won't be serialized into the URL. So in the above example, if page is 1, the URL might look like /articles, but once someone sets the controller's page value to 2, the URL will become /articles?page=2.

The query params are defined per route/controller. They are not global to the app. For example, if a route first-route has a query param firstParam associated with it and we try to navigate to first-route by using <LinkTo /> component from a different route second-route, like in the following handlebar template, the firstParam will be omitted.

<LinkTo @route="first-route" @query={{hash secondParam="asc"}}>Sort</LinkTo>

By default, query param values in Ember are "sticky", in that if you make changes to a query param and then leave and re-enter the route, the new value of that query param will be preserved (rather than reset to its default). This is a particularly handy default for preserving sort/filter parameters as you navigate back and forth between routes.

Furthermore, these sticky query param values are remembered/restored according to the model loaded into the route. So, given a team route with dynamic segment /:team_name and controller query param "filter", if you navigate to /badgers and filter by "rookies", then navigate to /bears and filter by "best", and then navigate to /potatoes and filter by "worst", then given the following nav bar links:

<LinkTo @route="team" @model="badgers">Badgers</LinkTo>
<LinkTo @route="team" @model="bears">Bears</LinkTo>
<LinkTo @route="team" @model="potatoes">Potatoes</LinkTo>

the generated links would be:

<a href="/badgers?filter=rookies">Badgers</a>
<a href="/bears?filter=best">Bears</a>
<a href="/potatoes?filter=worst">Potatoes</a>

This illustrates that once you change a query param, it is stored and tied to the model loaded into the route.

If you wish to reset a query param, you have two options:

1. explicitly pass in the default value for that query param into <LinkTo /> or transitionTo.
2. use the Route.resetController hook to set query param values back to their defaults before exiting the route or changing the route's model.

In the following example, the controller's page query param is reset to 1, while still scoped to the pre-transition ArticlesRoute model. The result of this is that all links pointing back into the exited route will use the newly reset value 1 as the value for the page query param.

import Route from '@ember/routing/route';

export default class ArticlesRoute extends Route {
  resetController(controller, isExiting, transition) {
    if (isExiting) {
      // isExiting would be false if only the route's model was changing
      controller.set('page', 1);
    }
  }
}

In some cases, you might not want the sticky query param value to be scoped to the route's model but would rather reuse a query param's value even as a route's model changes. This can be accomplished by setting the scope option to "controller" within the controller's queryParams config hash:

import Controller from '@ember/controller';

export default class ArticlesController extends Controller {
  queryParams = [{
    showMagnifyingGlass: {
      scope: 'controller'
    }
  }];
}

The following demonstrates how you can override both the scope and the query param URL key of a single controller query param property:

import Controller from '@ember/controller';

export default class ArticlesController extends Controller {
  queryParams = ['page', 'filter', {
    showMagnifyingGlass: {
      scope: 'controller',
      as: 'glass'
    }
  }];
}